Britain And France

Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 17501870
I. Changes and Exchanges in Africa
a. New Africa States
i. Serious dr come onh hit the coastlands of southeastern Africa in the early nineteenth degree Celsius and led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands. During these conflicts Shaka utilise rigorous military drill and close-combat warfare in tell to sort the Zulu kingdom.
ii. Some neighboring Africans created their own states (such as Swaziland and Lesotho) in sanctify to protect themselves against the expansionist Zulu kingdom. Shaka ruled the Zulu kingdom for little more than a decade, but he succeeded in creating a youthful national identity as well as a new kingdom.
iii. In West Africa movements to purify Islam led to the bend of new states through the classic Muslim pattern of jihad. The largest of these see the light movements occurred in the Hausa states and led to the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate (18091906).
iv. The new Muslim states became centers of Moslem learning and reform. Sokoto and other Muslim states both sold slaves and used slaves in order to raise food, thus making it feasible for them to seclude free Muslim women in their homes in uniformity with reformed Muslim practice.
b.



Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
v. In Egypt, Muhammad Ali (r. 18051848) carried out a series of modernizing reforms that were intended to build up Egypts military strength. In order to pay for his reform program, Muhammad Ali demand Egyptian peasants to cultivate cotton and other crops for export.
vi. Muhammad Alis grandson Ismail rigid even more emphasis on westernizing Egypt. Ismails overambitious construction programs (railroads, the new capital city of Cairo) were funded by acceptance from French and British banks, which led Britain and France to occupy the country when the merchandise for cotton collapsed after the American Civil War.
vii. In the mid- to juvenile nineteenth century...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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